Battles & Campaigns · 1889
Treaty of Wuchale
Wuchale, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
What happened
Menelik II of Ethiopia and Count Pietro Antonelli, representing Italy. Menelik II signed a treaty of friendship with Italy, written in both Amharic and Italian. In Amharic, Article 17 said Ethiopia could use Italy for its dealings with other countries if it wished. The Italian version said it must, which would make Ethiopia an Italian protectorate.
Why it matters
Why it matters: Italy told European governments that Ethiopia was now its protectorate, and Menelik rejected this. The translation dispute led directly to war.
What came next
Menelik denounced the treaty, and Italy invaded in 1895. Ethiopia's victory at Adwa protected its independence.
Did you know?
In 1889 Wuchale belonged to Queen Taytu, Menelik's wife.
Timeline
- 2 May 1889The Treaty of Wuchale is signed.
- October 1889Italy claims Ethiopia as a protectorate.
- 1893Menelik denounces the treaty.
- 1895Italy invades Ethiopia.