Treaty of London (1913)
St James's Palace, London, United Kingdom
What happened
After the First Balkan War, peace talks were held at St James's Palace in London. The treaty gave the Balkan League almost all Ottoman land in Europe west of a line from Enos to Midia, except Albania. The Ottoman Empire also gave up its claim to Crete, and the Great Powers were left to decide Albania's borders.
Why it matters
It ended the First Balkan War and created an independent Albania. But it did not say how the Balkan allies should share the land they had won, which soon set them against each other.
What came next
The Second Balkan War broke out in June 1913, and the Treaty of Bucharest in August made the final peace.
Did you know?
A coup in Constantinople in January 1913 took the Ottoman Empire out of the talks, and fighting resumed before peace was finally signed.
Timeline
- 17 Oct 1912The First Balkan War begins.
- 23 Jan 1913A coup in Constantinople ends the first round of talks.
- 30 May 1913Treaty of London signed.
- 29 Jun 1913 (16 Jun O.S.)The Second Balkan War begins.
- 10 Aug 1913Treaty of Bucharest.