Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
What happened
Britain, France and the Dutch Republic signed first, led on the British side by the Earl of Sandwich; Spain, Austria, Sardinia, Genoa and Modena joined later. The War of the Austrian Succession had been fought across Europe and beyond. At a peace congress in Aachen, the powers agreed to hand back most of their conquests. Austria accepted Prussia's capture of Silesia, and Britain and France swapped Louisbourg in North America for Madras in India.
Why it matters
Why it matters: Prussia gained most, while Austria was left determined to win Silesia back. Historians see the deal as more of a pause than a lasting peace.
What came next
Old resentments led to a big switch in alliances in 1756 and then the Seven Years' War.
Did you know?
Handel's 'Music for the Royal Fireworks' was written for London's celebrations of the peace.
Timeline
- 2 July 1747French victory at Lauffeld.
- 24 April 1748The peace congress opens at Aachen.
- 18 October 1748Britain, France and the Dutch Republic sign.
- 4 December 1748Spain, Austria and Sardinia join.