Battle of Kolín
Kolín, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic
What happened
King Frederick the Great of Prussia fought an Austrian army under Field Marshal Leopold Joseph von Daun. In the Seven Years' War, Frederick was besieging Prague when an Austrian army came to relieve it. He attacked the Austrians on hills near Kolín, planning to go around their side. The attack turned into costly frontal assaults, and after about five hours the Prussians were driven back.
Why it matters
Why it matters: It was Frederick the Great's first defeat of the war and ended his march on Vienna. It was celebrated in Austria, where a new military order was founded that very day.
What came next
Frederick lifted the siege of Prague two days later and withdrew. That same day, Empress Maria Theresa founded a new military honour, the Military Order of Maria Theresa.
Did you know?
The Military Order of Maria Theresa rewarded brave officers whatever their birth or background.
Timeline
- 18 June 1757Daun defeats Frederick at Kolín.
- 18 June 1757The Military Order of Maria Theresa is founded.
- 20 June 1757Frederick lifts the siege of Prague.
- 1870A street in Vienna, Kolingasse, is named after the victory.